时间精细结构的听觉处理：年龄和听力损失的影响

English | 2014 | ISBN-10: 9814579653 | 196 pages| Epub PDF (True) | 9 MB

The book is concerned with changes in the perception of sound that are associated with hearing loss and aging. Hearing loss affects about 7% of the population in developed countries, and the proportion is increasing as the average age of the population increases. The audiogram is the most widely used diagnostic tool in audiology clinics around the world. The audiogram involves measuring the threshold for detecting sounds of different frequencies. Sometimes the audiogram is the only diagnostic tool that is used. However, hearing problems are not completely characterized by the audiogram. Two individuals with similar audiograms may show very different abilities in the detection and discrimination of sounds at above-threshold levels. Also, a person may have hearing difficulties despite having an audiogram that is within the range conventionally considered as 'normal'. One factor that may influence the discrimination of sounds, especially the ability to understand speech in background sounds, is sensitivity to temporal fine structure (TFS).This monograph reviews the role played by TFS in masking, pitch perception, speech perception, and spatial hearing, and concludes that cues derived from TFS play an important role in all of these. Evidence is reviewed suggesting that cochlear hearing loss reduces the ability to use TFS cues. Also, the ability to use TFS declines with increasing age even when the audiogram remains normal. This provides a new dimension to the changes in hearing associated with aging, a topic that is currently of great interest in view of the increasing proportion of older people in the population.

英文| 2014 | ISBN-10:9814579653 | 196页| Epub PDF（真）| 9 MB 这本书关注的是与听力损失和衰老相关的声音感知的变化。听力损失影响着发达国家约7%的人口，而且随着人口平均年龄的增加，这一比例也在增加。听力图是世界各地听力学诊所中使用最广泛的诊断工具。听力图包括测量检测不同频率声音的阈值。有时，听力图是唯一使用的诊断工具。然而，听力问题并不能完全通过听力图来表征。具有相似听力图的两个人在检测和区分高于阈值水平的声音方面可能表现出非常不同的能力。此外，尽管听力图在传统上被认为“正常”的范围内，但一个人可能会有听力困难。可能影响声音辨别的一个因素，特别是理解背景声音中语音的能力，是对时间精细结构（TFS）的敏感性。这本专著回顾了TFS在掩蔽、音调感知、言语感知和空间听觉中的作用，并得出结论，TFS衍生的线索在所有这些方面都起着重要作用。有证据表明，耳蜗听力损失会降低使用TFS线索的能力。此外，即使听力图保持正常，使用TFS的能力也会随着年龄的增长而下降。这为与老龄化相关的听力变化提供了一个新的维度，鉴于老年人在人口中所占比例的增加，这一话题目前备受关注。

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