历史的教训——印度连续分裂的原因第五卷

English | 2024 | ASIN: B0DG8PF1GL | 607 pages| Epub | 13 MB

The conditions in Hindustan after Aurangzeb, had become veryunstable. The writ of the Mughal emperors had become weak andthe governors tended to ignore it. The Mughal army had becomevery inefficient and the successors of Aurangzeb had lost thefighting capability. The centrifugal forces had already begun to gainstrength. The governors of provinces had already begun to feathertheir own nest and no one cared about the Mughal Empire anymore. It needed just a small jolt to topple down this creakingstructure. That jolt was provided by the invasion of Nader Shah,the Sultan of Persia. He defeated the Mughals decidedly and swept awaytheir wealth to Persia.After that defeat, governors of Bengal, Bihar, Oudh and Nizamof Hyderabad became independent. New powers raised their head.Marathas occupied most of Deccan, Gujrat and CentralHindustan.These destabilizing happenings in Hindustan coincided withprogression of the seafaring age in Europe, for trade by sea.Nations of Europe vied with each other for trade with countries ofAsia and South America. The Portuguese were already tradingfrom our western coast even when the Mughals were in theprocess of establishing their empire in Hindustan. They werefollowed by the Dutch, the English and the French, in that order.The English were the cleverest and the mostskilled among them in warfare both at sea and on land. They,therefore, won the contest.

中文|2024|ASIN:B0DG8PF1GL|607页|Epub | 13 MB 奥朗则布之后，印度斯坦的情况变得非常不稳定。莫卧儿皇帝的命令变得软弱，统治者往往忽视它。莫卧儿军队变得非常低效，奥朗则布的继任者也失去了战斗能力。离心力已经开始增强。各省的省长已经开始自作主张，没有人再关心莫卧儿帝国了。只需轻轻一震，就能推倒这座摇摇欲坠的建筑。波斯苏丹纳德·沙阿的入侵提供了这种震动。他果断地击败了莫卧儿王朝，并将他们的财富掠夺到波斯。那次失败后，孟加拉、比哈尔邦、乌德和尼扎莫夫·海德拉巴的省长独立了。新势力抬起了头。马拉塔占领了德干、古吉拉特和中央印度斯坦的大部分地区。印度斯坦的这些不稳定事件恰逢欧洲海上贸易航海时代的发展。欧洲各国在与亚洲和南美洲国家的贸易中相互竞争。即使莫卧儿王朝正在印度斯坦建立帝国，葡萄牙人也已经从我们的西海岸进行贸易。紧随其后的是荷兰人、英国人和法国人。英国人在海上和陆地战争中都是最聪明的，也是最狡猾的。因此，他们赢得了比赛。

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